Indications
Occipito-cervical and upper cervical spine
instabilities:
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Congenital anomalies
- Posttraumatic conditions
- Tumors
- Infections
Instabilities in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spine:
- Posttraumatic conditions
- Tumors
- Iatrogenic instabilities following laminectomy etc.
Degenerative and painful posttraumatic conditions in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spine
Anterior cervical fusions requiring additional posterior stabilization
Contraindications
- Spinal destruction accompanied by a loss of ventral support (caused by tumors, fractures and infections) results in major instability of cervical spine and upper thoracic spine
- Severe osteoporosis